FORSKNINGSLITTERATUR PÅ L-TEANIN
- 01
Baba, Y., Inagaki, S., Nakagawa, S., Kaneko, T., Kobayashi, M., & Takihara, T. (2021). Effects of L-theanine on cognitive function in middle-aged and older subjects: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Journal of Medicinal Food, 24(4), 333-341.
Dassanayake, T. L., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Weerasinghe, V. S. (2022). L-theanine improves neurophysiological measures of attention in a dose-dependent manner: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Nutritional Neuroscience, 25(4), 698-708.
Dassanayake, T. L., Wijesundara, D., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Weerasinghe, V. S. (2022). Dose–response effect of L-theanine on psychomotor speed, sustained attention, and inhibitory control: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Nutritional Neuroscience, 1-9.
Gomez-Ramirez, M., Higgins, B. A., Rycroft, J. A., Owen, G. N., Mahoney, J., Shpaner, M., & Foxe, J. J. (2007). The deployment of intersensory selective attention: a high-density electrical mapping study of the effects of theanine. Clinical neuropharmacology, 30(1), 25-38.
Hidese, S., Ota, M., Wakabayashi, C., Noda, T., Ozawa, H., Okubo, T., & Kunugi, H. (2017). Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta neuropsychiatrica, 29(2), 72-79.
Higashiyama, A., Htay, H. H., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Kapoor, M. P. (2011). Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. Journal of Functional Foods, 3(3), 171-178.
Kelly, S. P., Lalor, E. C., Reilly, R. B., & Foxe, J. J. (2006). Increases in alpha oscillatory power reflect an active retinotopic mechanism for distracter suppression during sustained visuospatial attention. Journal of neurophysiology, 95(6), 3844-3851.
Nobre, A. C., Rao, A., & Owen, G. N. (2008). L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17.
Park, S. K., Jung, I. C., Lee, W. K., Lee, Y. S., Park, H. K., Go, H. J., ... & Rho, S. S. (2011). A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 14(4), 334-343.
Vuong, Q. V., Bowyer, M. C., & Roach, P. D. (2011). L‐Theanine: properties, synthesis and isolation from tea. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(11), 1931-1939.
- 02
Baba, Y., Inagaki, S., Nakagawa, S., Kaneko, T., Kobayashi, M., & Takihara, T. (2021). Effects of L-theanine on cognitive function in middle-aged and older subjects: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Journal of Medicinal Food, 24(4), 333-341.
Dassanayake, T. L., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Weerasinghe, V. S. (2022). L-theanine improves neurophysiological measures of attention in a dose-dependent manner: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Nutritional Neuroscience, 25(4), 698-708.
Hidese, S., Ogawa, S., Ota, M., Ishida, I., Yasukawa, Z., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-theanine administration on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362.
Hidese, S., Ota, M., Wakabayashi, C., Noda, T., Ozawa, H., Okubo, T., & Kunugi, H. (2017). Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta neuropsychiatrica, 29(2), 72-79.
Higashiyama, A., Htay, H. H., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Kapoor, M. P. (2011). Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. Journal of Functional Foods, 3(3), 171-178.
Kahathuduwa, C. N., Wakefield, S., West, B. D., Blume, J., Dassanayake, T. L., Weerasinghe, V. S., & Mastergeorge, A. (2020). Effects of l-theanine–caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: A proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-13.
Nathan, P. J., Lu, K., Gray, M., & Oliver, C. (2006). The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 6(2), 21-30.
Park, S. K., Jung, I. C., Lee, W. K., Lee, Y. S., Park, H. K., Go, H. J., ... & Rho, S. S. (2011). A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 14(4), 334-343.
Takeda, A., Sakamoto, K., Tamano, H., Fukura, K., Inui, N., Suh, S. W., ... & Yokogoshi, H. (2011). Facilitated neurogenesis in the developing hippocampus after intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea leaves, and object recognition memory. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 31(7), 1079-1088.
Takeda, A., Tamano, H., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Oku, N., & Yokogoshi, H. (2012). Unique induction of CA1 LTP components after intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea leaves and its effect on stress response. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 32(1), 41-48.
Tamano, H., Fukura, K., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Yokogoshi, H., & Takeda, A. (2013). Preventive effect of theanine intake on stress-induced impairments of hippocamapal long-term potentiation and recognition memory. Brain research bulletin, 95, 1-6.
Tian, X., Sun, L., Gou, L., Ling, X., Feng, Y., Wang, L., ... & Liu, Y. (2013). Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain research, 1503, 24-32.
- 03
Kimura, K., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Ohira, H. (2007). L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological psychology, 74(1), 39-45.
Unno, K., Iguchi, K., Tanida, N., Fujitani, K., Takamori, N., Yamamoto, H., ... & Hoshino, M. (2013). Ingestion of theanine, an amino acid in tea, suppresses psychosocial stress in mice. Experimental physiology, 98(1), 290-303.
Unno, K., Tanida, N., Ishii, N., Yamamoto, H., Iguchi, K., Hoshino, M., ... & Yamada, H. (2013). Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice: Positive correlation among salivary α-amylase activity, trait anxiety and subjective stress. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 111, 128-135.
White, D. J., De Klerk, S., Woods, W., Gondalia, S., Noonan, C., & Scholey, A. B. (2016). Anti-stress, behavioural and magnetoencephalography effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nutrients, 8(1), 53.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
Yoto, A., Motoki, M., Murao, S., & Yokogoshi, H. (2012). Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. Journal of physiological anthropology, 31(1), 1-9.
- 04
Higashiyama, A., Htay, H. H., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Kapoor, M. P. (2011). Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. Journal of Functional Foods, 3(3), 171-178.
Kimura, K., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Ohira, H. (2007). L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological psychology, 74(1), 39-45.
Song, C. H., Jung, J. H., Oh, J. S., & Kim, K. S. (2003). Effects of theanine on the release of brain alpha wave in adult males. The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 918-923.
Tian, X., Sun, L., Gou, L., Ling, X., Feng, Y., Wang, L., ... & Liu, Y. (2013). Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain research, 1503, 24-32.
White, D. J., De Klerk, S., Woods, W., Gondalia, S., Noonan, C., & Scholey, A. B. (2016). Anti-stress, behavioural and magnetoencephalography effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nutrients, 8(1), 53.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
- 05
Juneja, L. R., Chu, D. C., Okubo, T., Nagato, Y., & Yokogoshi, H. (1999). L-theanine—a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 10(6-7), 199-204.
Kobayashi, K., Nagato, Y., Aoi, N., Juneja, L. R., Kim, M., Yamamoto, T., & Sugimoto, S. (1998). Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha-brain waves in human volunteers. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan (Japan).
Lu, K., Gray, M. A., Oliver, C., Liley, D. T., Harrison, B. J., Bartholomeusz, C. F., ... & Nathan, P. J. (2004). The acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with a standard anxiolytic on anticipatory anxiety in humans. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 19(7), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.611
Vuong, Q. V., Bowyer, M. C., & Roach, P. D. (2011). L‐Theanine: properties, synthesis and isolation from tea. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(11), 1931-1939.
Wise, L. E., Premaratne, I. D., Gamage, T. F., Lichtman, A. H., Hughes, L. D., Harris, L. S., & Aceto, M. D. (2012). L-theanine attenuates abstinence signs in drug-dependent rhesus monkeys and elicits anxiolytic-like activity in mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 103(2), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.008
- 06
Araujo, J. A., de Rivera, C., Ethier, J. L., Landsberg, G. M., Denenberg, S., Arnold, S., & Milgram, N. W. (2010). ANXITANE® tablets reduce fear of human beings in a laboratory model of anxiety-related behavior. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 5(5), 268-275.
Hidese, S., Ogawa, S., Ota, M., Ishida, I., Yasukawa, Z., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-theanine administration on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362.
Hidese, S., Ota, M., Wakabayashi, C., Noda, T., Ozawa, H., Okubo, T., & Kunugi, H. (2017). Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta neuropsychiatrica, 29(2), 72-79.
Nathan, P. J., Lu, K., Gray, M., & Oliver, C. (2006). The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 6(2), 21-30.
Ogawa, S., Ota, M., Ogura, J., Kato, K., & Kunugi, H. (2018). Effects of l-theanine on anxiety-like behavior, cerebrospinal fluid amino acid profile, and hippocampal activity in Wistar Kyoto rats. Psychopharmacology, 235(1), 37-45.
Sarris, J., Byrne, G. J., Cribb, L., Oliver, G., Murphy, J., Macdonald, P., ... & Ng, C. H. (2019). L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of psychiatric research, 110, 31-37.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
Yoto, A., Motoki, M., Murao, S., & Yokogoshi, H. (2012). Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. Journal of physiological anthropology, 31(1), 1-9.
- 07
Hidese, S., Ogawa, S., Ota, M., Ishida, I., Yasukawa, Z., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-theanine administration on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362.
Hidese, S., Ota, M., Wakabayashi, C., Noda, T., Ozawa, H., Okubo, T., & Kunugi, H. (2017). Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta neuropsychiatrica, 29(2), 72-79.
Shen, M., Yang, Y. I., Wu, Y., Zhang, B., Wu, H., Wang, L., ... & Chen, J. (2019). L‐theanine ameliorate depressive‐like behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model via modulating the monoamine levels in limbic–cortical–striatal–pallidal–thalamic‐circuit related brain regions. Phytotherapy Research, 33(2), 412-421.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
Yin, C., Gou, L., Liu, Y., Yin, X., Zhang, L., Jia, G., & Zhuang, X. (2011). Antidepressant‐like effects of l‐theanine in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 25(11), 1636-1639.
- 08
Bryan, J. (2008). Psychological effects of dietary components of tea: caffeine and L-theanine. Nutrition reviews, 66(2), 82-90.
Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., & Scholey, A. B. (2008). The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biological psychology, 77(2), 113-122.
Kahathuduwa, C. N., Dhanasekara, C. S., Chin, S. H., Davis, T., Weerasinghe, V. S., Dassanayake, T. L., & Binks, M. (2018). l-Theanine and caffeine improve target-specific attention to visual stimuli by decreasing mind wandering: a human functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Nutrition Research, 49, 67-78.
Kahathuduwa, C. N., Wakefield, S., West, B. D., Blume, J., Dassanayake, T. L., Weerasinghe, V. S., & Mastergeorge, A. (2020). Effects of l-theanine–caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: A proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-13.
Kelly, S. P., Gomez-Ramirez, M., Montesi, J. L., & Foxe, J. J. (2008). L-theanine and caffeine in combination affect human cognition as evidenced by oscillatory alpha-band activity and attention task performance. The Journal of nutrition, 138(8), 1572S-1577S.
- 09
Evans, M., McDonald, A. C., Xiong, L., Crowley, D. C., & Guthrie, N. (2021). A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Investigate the Efficacy of a Single Dose of AlphaWave® l-Theanine on Stress in a Healthy Adult Population. Neurology and Therapy, 10(2), 1061-1078.
Gomez-Ramirez, M., Higgins, B. A., Rycroft, J. A., Owen, G. N., Mahoney, J., Shpaner, M., & Foxe, J. J. (2007). The deployment of intersensory selective attention: a high-density electrical mapping study of the effects of theanine. Clinical neuropharmacology, 30(1), 25-38.
Higashiyama, A., Htay, H. H., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Kapoor, M. P. (2011). Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. Journal of Functional Foods, 3(3), 171-178.
Kelly, S. P., Lalor, E. C., Reilly, R. B., & Foxe, J. J. (2006). Increases in alpha oscillatory power reflect an active retinotopic mechanism for distracter suppression during sustained visuospatial attention. Journal of neurophysiology, 95(6), 3844-3851.
Kobayashi, K., Nagato, Y., Aoi, N., Juneja, L. R., Kim, M., Yamamoto, T., & Sugimoto, S. (1998). Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha-brain waves in human volunteers. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan (Japan).
Nobre, A. C., Rao, A., & Owen, G. N. (2008). L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17.
Park, S. K., Jung, I. C., Lee, W. K., Lee, Y. S., Park, H. K., Go, H. J., ... & Rho, S. S. (2011). A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 14(4), 334-343.
SONG, C. H., JUNG, J. H., OH, J. S., & KIM, K. S. (2003). Effects of theanine on the release of brain alpha wave in adult males. The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 918-923.
White, D. J., De Klerk, S., Woods, W., Gondalia, S., Noonan, C., & Scholey, A. B. (2016). Anti-stress, behavioural and magnetoencephalography effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nutrients, 8(1), 53.
- 10
Foxe, J. J., Simpson, G. V., & Ahlfors, S. P. (1998). Parieto-occipital∼ 1 0Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mechanisms. Neuroreport, 9(17), 3929-3933.
Juneja, L. R., Chu, D. C., Okubo, T., Nagato, Y., & Yokogoshi, H. (1999). L-theanine—a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 10(6-7), 199-204.
Kelly, S. P., Lalor, E. C., Reilly, R. B., & Foxe, J. J. (2006). Increases in alpha oscillatory power reflect an active retinotopic mechanism for distracter suppression during sustained visuospatial attention. Journal of neurophysiology, 95(6), 3844-3851.
Klimesch, W., Doppelmayr, M., Russegger, H., Pachinger, T., & Schwaiger, J. (1998). Induced alpha band power changes in the human EEG and attention. Neuroscience letters, 244(2), 73-76.
Pfurtscheller, G. (1992). Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 83(1), 62-69.
- 11
Kakuda, T. (2011). Neuroprotective effects of theanine and its preventive effects on cognitive dysfunction. Pharmacological research, 64(2), 162-168.
Kakuda, T., Hinoi, E., Abe, A., Nozawa, A., Ogura, M., & Yoneda, Y. (2008). Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H] glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. Journal of neuroscience research, 86(8), 1846-1856.
Kakuda, T., Nozawa, A., Sugimoto, A., & Niino, H. (2002). Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H] AMPA,[3H] kainate, and [3H] MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 66(12), 2683-2686.
Kimura, K., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Ohira, H. (2007). L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological psychology, 74(1), 39-45.
Nathan, P. J., Lu, K., Gray, M., & Oliver, C. (2006). The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 6(2), 21-30.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
Yoto, A., Motoki, M., Murao, S., & Yokogoshi, H. (2012). Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. Journal of physiological anthropology, 31(1), 1-9.
- 12
Ceremuga, T. E., Martinson, S., Washington, J., Revels, R., Wojcicki, J., Crawford, D., ... & Bentley, M. (2014). Effects of L-theanine on posttraumatic stress disorder induced changes in rat brain gene expression. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
Nathan, P. J., Lu, K., Gray, M., & Oliver, C. (2006). The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 6(2), 21-30.
Terashima, T., Takido, J., & Yokogoshi, H. (1999). Time-dependent changes of amino acids in the serum, liver, brain and urine of rats administered with theanine. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 63(4), 615-618.
Tian, X., Sun, L., Gou, L., Ling, X., Feng, Y., Wang, L., ... & Liu, Y. (2013). Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain research, 1503, 24-32.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
Yokogoshi, H., Kobayashi, M., Mochizuki, M., & Terashima, T. (1998). Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochemical research, 23(5), 667-673.
- 13
Kimura, K., Ozeki, M., Juneja, L. R., & Ohira, H. (2007). L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological psychology, 74(1), 39-45.
Takeda, A., Tamano, H., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Oku, N., & Yokogoshi, H. (2012). Unique induction of CA1 LTP components after intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea leaves and its effect on stress response. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 32(1), 41-48.
Tamano, H., Fukura, K., Suzuki, M., Sakamoto, K., Yokogoshi, H., & Takeda, A. (2013). Preventive effect of theanine intake on stress-induced impairments of hippocamapal long-term potentiation and recognition memory. Brain research bulletin, 95, 1-6.
Tian, X., Sun, L., Gou, L., Ling, X., Feng, Y., Wang, L., ... & Liu, Y. (2013). Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain research, 1503, 24-32.
Unno, K., Tanida, N., Ishii, N., Yamamoto, H., Iguchi, K., Hoshino, M., ... & Yamada, H. (2013). Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice: Positive correlation among salivary α-amylase activity, trait anxiety and subjective stress. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 111, 128-135.
White, D. J., De Klerk, S., Woods, W., Gondalia, S., Noonan, C., & Scholey, A. B. (2016). Anti-stress, behavioural and magnetoencephalography effects of an l-theanine-based nutrient drink: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nutrients, 8(1), 53.
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D’Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., ... & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12-23.
- 14
Ben, P., Zhang, Z., Zhu, Y., Xiong, A., Gao, Y., Mu, J., ... & Luo, L. (2016). l-Theanine attenuates cadmium-induced neurotoxicity through the inhibition of oxidative damage and tau hyperphosphorylation. Neurotoxicology, 57, 95-103.
Cho, H. S., Kim, S., Lee, S. Y., Park, J. A., Kim, S. J., & Chun, H. S. (2008). Protective effect of the green tea component, L-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicology, 29(4), 656-662.
Di, X., Yan, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Shi, Z., Chang, Y., & Zhao, B. (2010). L-theanine protects the APP (Swedish mutation) transgenic SH-SY5Y cell against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via inhibition of the NMDA receptor pathway. Neuroscience, 168(3), 778-786.
Jamwal, S., & Kumar, P. (2017). L-theanine, a component of green tea prevents 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced striatal toxicity by modulating nitric oxide pathway. Molecular neurobiology, 54(3), 2327-2337.
Kakuda, T. (2002). Neuroprotective effects of the green tea components theanine and catechins. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25(12), 1513-1518.
Kakuda, T. (2011). Neuroprotective effects of theanine and its preventive effects on cognitive dysfunction. Pharmacological research, 64(2), 162-168.
Kakuda, T., Nozawa, A., Sugimoto, A., & Niino, H. (2002). Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H] AMPA,[3H] kainate, and [3H] MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 66(12), 2683-2686.
Kim, T. I., Lee, Y. K., Park, S. G., Choi, I. S., Ban, J. O., Park, H. K., ... & Hong, J. T. (2009). l-Theanine, an amino acid in green tea, attenuates β-amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage and inactivation of ERK/p38 kinase and NF-κB pathways. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 47(11), 1601-1610.
Nagasawa, K., Aoki, H., Yasuda, E., Nagai, K., Shimohama, S., & Fujimoto, S. (2004). Possible involvement of group I mGluRs in neuroprotective effect of theanine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 320(1).
Sumathi, T., Asha, D., Nagarajan, G., Sreenivas, A., & Nivedha, R. (2016). L-Theanine alleviates the neuropathological changes induced by PCB (Aroclor 1254) via inhibiting upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in rat brain. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 42, 99-117.
Sumathi, T., Shobana, C., Thangarajeswari, M., & Usha, R. (2015). Protective effect of L-theanine against aluminium induced neurotoxicity in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rat brain–histopathological, and biochemical approach. Drug and chemical toxicology, 38(1), 22-31.
Thangarajan, S., Deivasigamani, A., Natarajan, S. S., Krishnan, P., & Mohanan, S. K. (2014). Neuroprotective activity of L-theanine on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum. International Journal of Neuroscience, 124(9), 673-684.
Tian, X., Sun, L., Gou, L., Ling, X., Feng, Y., Wang, L., ... & Liu, Y. (2013). Protective effect of l-theanine on chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain research, 1503, 24-32.
Wu, Z., Zhu, Y., Cao, X., Sun, S., & Zhao, B. (2014). Mitochondrial toxic effects of Aβ through mitofusins in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular neurobiology, 50(3), 986-996.
- 15
Takeda, A., Sakamoto, K., Tamano, H., Fukura, K., Inui, N., Suh, S. W., ... & Yokogoshi, H. (2011). Facilitated neurogenesis in the developing hippocampus after intake of theanine, an amino acid in tea leaves, and object recognition memory. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 31(7), 1079-1088.
Wakabayashi, C., Numakawa, T., Ninomiya, M., Chiba, S., & Kunugi, H. (2012). Behavioral and molecular evidence for psychotropic effects in L-theanine. Psychopharmacology, 219(4), 1099-1109.
Yamada, T., Terashima, T., Wada, K., Ueda, S., Ito, M., Okubo, T., ... & Yokogoshi, H. (2007). Theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, increases neurotransmission concentrations and neurotrophin mRNA levels in the brain during lactation. Life sciences, 81(16), 1247-1255.
- 16
Akhgarjand, C., Asoudeh, F., Bagheri, A., Kalantar, Z., Vahabi, Z., Shab‐bidar, S., ... & Djafarian, K. (2022). Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy Research, 36(11), 4115-4124. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7598
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Chai, S. C., Li, I., Pacanowski, C., & Brewer, B. (2020). Effects of Four-Week Supplementation of Ashwagandha and B-Vitamins on Mood and Stress Relief. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 1195-1195. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_011
Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(3), 255-262. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022
Chengappa, K. R., Brar, J. S., Gannon, J. M., & Schlicht, P. J. (2018). Adjunctive use of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to treat symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(5), 22496. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11826
Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Joshi, . (2017). Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(1), 96-106. DOI: 10.1177/2156587216641830
Gopukumar, K., Thanawala, S., Somepalli, V., Rao, T. S., Thamatam, V. B., & Chauhan, S. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. DOI:10.1155/2021/8254344
Li, I. (2020). Stress & Anxiety Improvements with Ashwagandha and B-Vitamins. University of Delaware. Lenke til artikkel
Li, I., Pacanowski, C., Cao, L., & Chai, S. C. (2020). Evaluation of Self-Reported Stress Reduction from Ashwagandha and B Vitamin Supplementation Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 1219-1219. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_035
Lopresti, A. L., Smith, S. J., Malvi, H., & Kodgule, R. (2019). An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 98(37). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017186
Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., & Mundkur, L. (2023). A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 102(41), e35521.
Remenapp, A., Coyle, K., Orange, T., Lynch, T., Hooper, D., Hooper, S., Conway, K., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2022). Efficacy of Withania somnifera supplementation on adult’s cognition and mood. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 13(2), 100510. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.003
Salve, J., Pate, S., Debnath, K., & Langade, D. (2019). Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus, 11(12). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6466
- 17
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Baker, C., Kirby, J. B., O'Connor, J., Lindsay, K. G., Hutchins, A., & Harris, M. (2022). The Perceived Impact of Ashwagandha on Stress, Sleep Quality, Energy, and Mental Clarity for College Students: Qualitative Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Medicinal Food. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0042
Biswal, B. M., Sulaiman, S. A., Ismail, H. C., Zakaria, H., & Musa, K. I. (2013). Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Integrative cancer therapies, 12(4), 312-322. DOI: 10.1177/1534735412464551
Bonilla, D. A., Moreno, Y., Gho, C., Petro, J. L., Odriozola-Martínez, A., & Kreider, R. B. (2021). Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on physical performance: systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1), 20. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010020
Cooley, K., Szczurko, O., Perri, D., Mills, E. J., Bernhardt, B., Zhou, Q., & Seely, D. (2009). Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974. PLoS One, 4(8), e6628. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006628
Mandlik, D. S., & Namdeo, A. G. (2021). Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 18(2), 183-226. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484
Pérez-Gómez, J., Villafaina, S., Adsuar, J. C., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Collado-Mateo, D. (2020). Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on VO2max: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12(4), 1119. DOI: 10.3390/nu12041119
Tiwari, S., Gupta, S. K., & Pathak, A. K. (2021). A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera dunal.) root extract in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and recovery in healthy athletic adults. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 272, 113929. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113929
Wankhede, S., Langade, D., Joshi, K., Sinha, S. R., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0104-9
- 18
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Biswal, B. M., Sulaiman, S. A., Ismail, H. C., Zakaria, H., & Musa, K. I. (2013). Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Integrative cancer therapies, 12(4), 312-322. DOI: 10.1177/1534735412464551
Chai, S. C., Li, I., Pacanowski, C., & Brewer, B. (2020). Effects of Four-Week Supplementation of Ashwagandha and B-Vitamins on Mood and Stress Relief. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 1195-1195. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_011
Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(3), 255-262. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022
Chengappa, K. R., Bowie, C. R., Schlicht, P. J., Fleet, D., Brar, J. S., & Jindal, R. (2013). Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of Withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(11), 16816. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.13m08413
Choudhary, B., Shetty, A., & Langade, D. G. (2015). Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults. Ayu, 36(1), 63. DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.169002
Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Joshi, K. (2017). Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(1), 96-106. DOI: 10.1177/2156587216641830
Cooley, K., Szczurko, O., Perri, D., Mills, E. J., Bernhardt, B., Zhou, Q., & Seely, D. (2009). Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974. PLoS One, 4(8), e6628. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006628
Deshpande, A., Irani, N., Balkrishnan, R., & Benny, I. R. (2020). A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep quality in healthy adults. Sleep medicine, 72, 28-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.012
Gopukumar, K., Thanawala, S., Somepalli, V., Rao, T. S., Thamatam, V. B., & Chauhan, S. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. DOI:10.1155/2021/8254344
Kelgane, S. B., Salve, J., Sampara, P., & Debnath, K. (2020). Efficacy and tolerability of Ashwagandha root extract in the elderly for improvement of general well-being and sleep: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cureus, 12(2). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7083
Li, I. (2020). Stress & Anxiety Improvements with Ashwagandha and B-Vitamins. University of Delaware. Lenke til artikkel
Li, I., Pacanowski, C., Cao, L., & Chai, S. C. (2020). Evaluation of Self-Reported Stress Reduction from Ashwagandha and B Vitamin Supplementation Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 1219-1219. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_035
Langade, D., Thakare, V., Kanchi, S., & Kelgane, S. (2021). Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113276. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113276
Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., & Mundkur, L. (2023). A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 102(41), e35521.
- 19
Andrade, C., Aswath, A., Chaturvedi, S. K., Srinivasa, M., & Raguram, R. (2000). A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the anxiolytic efficacy ff an ethanolic extract of withania somnifera. Indian journal of psychiatry, 42(3), 295. PMCID: PMC2958355
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Chai, S. C., Li, I., Pacanowski, C., & Brewer, B. (2020). Effects of Four-Week Supplementation of Ashwagandha and B-Vitamins on Mood and Stress Relief. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 1195-1195. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_011
Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(3), 255-262. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022
Chengappa, K. R., Brar, J. S., Gannon, J. M., & Schlicht, P. J. (2018). Adjunctive use of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to treat symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(5), 22496. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11826
Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Joshi, K. (2017). Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(1), 96-106. DOI: 10.1177/2156587216641830
Cooley, K., Szczurko, O., Perri, D., Mills, E. J., Bernhardt, B., Zhou, Q., & Seely, D. (2009). Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974. PLoS One, 4(8), e6628. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006628
Fuladi, S., Emami, S. A., Mohammadpour, A. H., Karimani, A., Manteghi, A. A., & Sahebkar, A. (2021). Assessment of the efficacy of Withania somnifera root extract in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Formerly Current Clinical Pharmacology, 16(2), 191-196. DOI: 10.2174/1574884715666200413120413
Gannon, J. M., Brar, J., Rai, A., & Chengappa, K. R. (2019). Effects of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on depression and anxiety symptoms in persons with schizophrenia participating in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Clin Psychiatry, 31(2), 123-9. Lenke til artikkel.
Jahanbakhsh, S. P., Manteghi, A. A., Emami, S. A., Mahyari, S., Gholampour, B., Mohammadpour, A. H., & Sahebkar, A. (2016). Evaluation of the efficacy of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 27, 25-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.018
Khyati, S., & Anup, B. (2013). A randomized double blind placebo controlled study of ashwagandha on generalized anxiety disorder. Int Ayurvedic Med J, 1, 1-7. Lenke til artikkel.
Langade, D., Kanchi, S., Salve, J., Debnath, K., & Ambegaokar, D. (2019). Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract in insomnia and anxiety: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Cureus, 11(9). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5797
Langade, D., Thakare, V., Kanchi, S., & Kelgane, S. (2021). Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113276. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113276
Li, I. (2020). Stress & Anxiety Improvements with Ashwagandha and B-Vitamins. University of Delaware. Lenke til artikkel
Lopresti, A. L., Smith, S. J., Malvi, H., & Kodgule, R. (2019). An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 98(37). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017186
Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., & Mundkur, L. (2023). A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 102(41), e35521.
Remenapp, A., Coyle, K., Orange, T., Lynch, T., Hooper, D., Hooper, S., Conway, K., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2022). Efficacy of Withania somnifera supplementation on adult’s cognition and mood. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 13(2), 100510. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.003
Salve, J., Pate, S., Debnath, K., & Langade, D. (2019). Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus, 11(12). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6466
- 20
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Chengappa, K. R., Bowie, C. R., Schlicht, P. J., Fleet, D., Brar, J. S., & Jindal, R. (2013). Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of Withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(11), 16816. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.13m08413
Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Bose, S. (2017). Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions. Journal of dietary supplements, 14(6), 599-612. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1284970
Gopukumar, K., Thanawala, S., Somepalli, V., Rao, T. S., Thamatam, V. B., & Chauhan, S. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. DOI:10.1155/2021/8254344
Li, I., Pacanowski, C., Cao, L., & Chai, S. C. (2020). Evaluation of Self-Reported Stress Reduction from Ashwagandha and B Vitamin Supplementation Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Current Developments in Nutrition, 4(Supplement_2), 1219-1219. DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_035
Ng, Q. X., Loke, W., Foo, N. X., Tan, W. J., Chan, H. W., Lim, D. Y., & Yeo, W. S. (2020). A systematic review of the clinical use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. Phytotherapy Research, 34(3), 583-590. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6552
Pingali, U., Pilli, R., & Fatima, N. (2014). Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. Pharmacognosy research, 6(1), 12. DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.122912
Remenapp, A., Coyle, K., Orange, T., Lynch, T., Hooper, D., Hooper, S., Conway, K., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2022). Efficacy of Withania somnifera supplementation on adult’s cognition and mood. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 13(2), 100510. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.003
Kelgane, S. B., Salve, J., Sampara, P., & Debnath, K. (2020). Efficacy and tolerability of Ashwagandha root extract in the elderly for improvement of general well-being and sleep: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cureus, 12(2). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7083
Langade, D., Thakare, V., Kanchi, S., & Kelgane, S. (2021). Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113276. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113276
Xing, D., Yoo, C., Gonzalez, D., Jenkins, V., Nottingham, K., Dickerson, B., ... & Kreider, R. B. (2022). Effects of Acute Ashwagandha Ingestion on Cognitive Function. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11852. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911852
- 21
Serotonin Systemet
Bhatnagar, M., Sharma, D., & Salvi, M. (2009). Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera dunal.: a possible mechanism. Neurochemical Research, 34(11), 1975-1983. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9987-7
Kaurav, B. P., Wanjari, M. M., Chandekar, A., Chauhan, N. S., & Upmanyu, N. (2012). Influence of Withania somnifera on obsessive compulsive disorder in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5(5), 380-384. DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60063-7
Tripathi, A. K., Dey, S., Singh, R. H., & Dey, P. K. (1998). Alterations in the sensitivity of 5th receptor subtypes following chronic Asvagandha treatment in rats. Ancient Science of Life, 17(3), 169. PMCID: PMC3331105
Speers, A. B., Cabey, K. A., Soumyanath, A., & Wright, K. M. (2021). Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(9), 1468. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210712151556
Glycin (Glutamat) Systemet
Bhatnagar, M., Sharma, D., & Salvi, M. (2009). Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera dunal.: a possible mechanism. Neurochemical Research, 34(11), 1975-1983. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9987-7
Bhattarai, J. P., Park, S. J., & Han, S. K. (2013). Potentiation of NMDA receptors by Withania somnifera on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 41(03), 503-513. DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X13500365
Grunze, H., Langosch, J., von Loewenich, C., & Walden, J. (2000). Modulation of neural cell membrane conductance by the herbal anxiolytic and antiepileptic drug aswal. Neuropsychobiology, 42(Suppl. 1), 28-32. DOI: 10.1159/000054849
Soman, S., Anju, T. R., Jayanarayanan, S., Antony, S., & Paulose, C. S. (2013). Impaired motor learning attributed to altered AMPA receptor function in the cerebellum of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorating effects of Withania somnifera and withanolide A. Epilepsy & Behavior, 27(3), 484-491. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.007
Soman, S., Korah, P. K., Jayanarayanan, S., Mathew, J., & Paulose, C. S. (2012). Oxidative stress induced NMDA receptor alteration leads to spatial memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A. Neurochemical research, 37(9), 1915-1927. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0810-5
GABA Systemet
Bhattarai, J. P., Ah Park, S., & Han, S. K. (2010). The methanolic extract of Withania somnifera ACTS on GABAA receptors in GnRH neurons in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 24(8), 1147-1150. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3088
Kulkarni, S. K., Akula, K. K., & Dhir, A. (2008). Effect of Withania somnifera Dunal root extract against pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold in mice: possible involvement of GABAergic system. PMID: 18697606
Kumar, A., & Kalonia, H. (2008). Effect of Withania somnifera on sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats: Possible GABAergic mechanism. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 70(6), 806. DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.49130
Mehta, A. K., Binkley, P., Gandhi, S. S., & Ticku, M. K. (1991). Pharmacological effects of Withania somnifera root extract on GABAA receptor complex. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 94, 312-315. PMID: 1660034
Speers, A. B., Cabey, K. A., Soumyanath, A., & Wright, K. M. (2021). Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(9), 1468. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210712151556
Acetylkolin Systemet
Bhatnagar, M., Sharma, D., & Salvi, M. (2009). Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera dunal.: a possible mechanism. Neurochemical Research, 34(11), 1975-1983. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9987-7
Choudhary, M. I., Yousuf, S., Nawaz, S. A., & Ahmed, S. (2004). Cholinesterase inhibiting withanolides from Withania somnifera. Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 52(11), 1358-1361. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1358
Grover, A., Shandilya, A., Agrawal, V., Bisaria, V. S., & Sundar, D. (2012). Computational evidence to inhibition of human acetyl cholinesterase by withanolide a for Alzheimer treatment. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 29(4), 651-662. DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.10507408
Schliebs, R., Liebmann, A., Bhattacharya, S. K., Kumar, A., Ghosal, S., & Bigl, V. (1997). Systemic administration of defined extracts from Withania somnifera (Indian Ginseng) and Shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and GABAergic markers in rat brain. Neurochemistry International, 30(2), 181-190. DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00025-3
Speers, A. B., Cabey, K. A., Soumyanath, A., & Wright, K. M. (2021). Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(9), 1468. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210712151556
Yadav, C. S., Kumar, V., Suke, S. G., Ahmed, R. S., Mediratta, P. K., & Banerjee, B. D. (2010). Propoxur-induced acetylcholine esterase inhibition and impairment of cognitive function: attenuation by Withania somnifera. PMID: 20521626
Katekolamin systemet (Adrenalin/Epinefrin og Dopamin)
Shah, P. C., Trivedi, N. A., Bhatt, J. D., & Hemavathi, K. G. (2006). Effect of Withania somnifera on forced swimming test induced immobility in mice and its interaction with various drugs. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 50(4), 409. PMID: 17402272
Priyanka, G., Anil Kumar, B., Lakshman, M., Manvitha, V., & Kala Kumar, B. (2020). Adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activity of Ashwagandha root extract: An experimental study in an equine model. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 541112. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.541112
RajaSankar, S., Manivasagam, T., Sankar, V., Prakash, S., Muthusamy, R., Krishnamurti, A., & Surendran, S. (2009). Withania somnifera root extract improves catecholamines and physiological abnormalities seen in a Parkinson's disease model mouse. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125(3), 369-373. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.003
- 22
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Baitharu, I., Jain, V., Deep, S. N., Hota, K. B., Hota, S. K., Prasad, D., & Ilavazhagan, G. (2013). Withania somnifera root extract ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced memory impairment in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 145(2), 431-441. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.063
Bhatnagar, M., Sharma, D., & Salvi, M. (2009). Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera dunal.: a possible mechanism. Neurochemical Research, 34(11), 1975-1983. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9987-7
Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(3), 255-262. DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022
Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Joshi, K. (2017). Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(1), 96-106. DOI: 10.1177/2156587216641830
Gopukumar, K., Thanawala, S., Somepalli, V., Rao, T. S., Thamatam, V. B., & Chauhan, S. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. DOI:10.1155/2021/8254344
Kalani, A., Bahtiyar, G., & Sacerdote, A. (2012). Ashwagandha root in the treatment of non-classical adrenal hyperplasia. Case Reports, 2012, bcr2012006989. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006989
Lopresti, A. L., Smith, S. J., Malvi, H., & Kodgule, R. (2019). An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 98(37). DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017186
Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., & Mundkur, L. (2023). A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 102(41), e35521.
Mahdi, A. A., Shukla, K. K., Ahmad, M. K., Rajender, S., Shankhwar, S. N., Singh, V., & Dalela, D. (2011). Withania somnifera improves semen quality in stress-related male fertility. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011. DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep138
Pingali, U., Pilli, R., & Fatima, N. (2013). Effect of Withania somnifera extract on mental stress induced changes in hemodynamic properties and arterial wave reflections in healthy subjects. Current Topics in Nutraceuticals Research, 11(4), 151. Lenke til artikkel.
Remenapp, A., Coyle, K., Orange, T., Lynch, T., Hooper, D., Hooper, S., Conway, K., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2022). Efficacy of Withania somnifera supplementation on adult’s cognition and mood. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 13(2), 100510. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.003
Salve, J., Pate, S., Debnath, K., & Langade, D. (2019). Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus, 11(12). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6466
Singh, B., Chandan, B. K., & Gupta, D. K. (2003). Adaptogenic activity of a novel withanolide‐free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun.(Part II). Phytotherapy Research, 17(5), 531-536. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1189
Speers, A. B., Cabey, K. A., Soumyanath, A., & Wright, K. M. (2021). Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(9), 1468. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210712151556
- 23
Auddy B., Hazra J., Mitra A., Abedon B., Ghosal S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11, 50–56. Lenke til artikkel
Gupta, M., & Kaur, G. (2018). Withania somnifera as a potential anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory candidate against systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Neuromolecular medicine, 20(3), 343-362. DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8497-7
Mandlik, D. S., & Namdeo, A. G. (2021). Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 18(2), 183-226. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484
Priyanka, G., Anil Kumar, B., Lakshman, M., Manvitha, V., & Kala Kumar, B. (2020). Adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activity of Ashwagandha root extract: An experimental study in an equine model. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 541112. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.541112
Kaur, T., Singh, H., Mishra, R., Manchanda, S., Gupta, M., Saini, V., ... & Kaur, G. (2017). Withania somnifera as a potential anxiolytic and immunomodulatory agent in acute sleep deprived female Wistar rats. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 427(1), 91-101. DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2900-1
Khan, B., Ahmad, S. F., Bani, S., Kaul, A., Suri, K. A., Satti, N. K., ... & Qazi, G. N. (2006). Augmentation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and Th-1 cytokines by Withania somnifera in stressed mice. International immunopharmacology, 6(9), 1394-1403. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.001
Kour, K., Pandey, A., Suri, K. A., Satti, N. K., Gupta, K. K., & Bani, S. (2009). Restoration of stress-induced altered T cell function and corresponding cytokines patterns by Withanolide A. International immunopharmacology, 9(10), 1137-1144. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.05.011
Paul, S., Chakraborty, S., Anand, U., Dey, S., Nandy, S., Ghorai, M., ... & Dey, A. (2021). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 143, 112175. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112175
Tharakan, A., Shukla, H., Benny, I. R., Tharakan, M., George, L., & Koshy, S. (2021). Immunomodulatory Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Extract—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial with an Open Label Extension on Healthy Participants. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(16), 3644. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163644
- 24
Mandlik, D. S., & Namdeo, A. G. (2021). Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 18(2), 183-226. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484
Mukherjee, P. K., Banerjee, S., Biswas, S., Das, B., Kar, A., & Katiyar, C. K. (2021). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal-Modern perspectives of an ancient Rasayana from Ayurveda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113157. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113157
Paul, S., Chakraborty, S., Anand, U., Dey, S., Nandy, S., Ghorai, M., ... & Dey, A. (2021). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 143, 112175. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112175
Soman, S., Anju, T. R., Jayanarayanan, S., Antony, S., & Paulose, C. S. (2013). Impaired motor learning attributed to altered AMPA receptor function in the cerebellum of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorating effects of Withania somnifera and withanolide A. Epilepsy & Behavior, 27(3), 484-491. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.007
Soman, S., Korah, P. K., Jayanarayanan, S., Mathew, J., & Paulose, C. S. (2012). Oxidative stress induced NMDA receptor alteration leads to spatial memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A. Neurochemical research, 37(9), 1915-1927. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0810-5
Speers, A. B., Cabey, K. A., Soumyanath, A., & Wright, K. M. (2021). Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Stress and the Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(9), 1468. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X19666210712151556
Tohda, C., Komatsu, K., & Kuboyama, T. (2005). Scientific basis for the anti-dementia drugs of constituents from Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). J Tad Med, 22, 176-182. Lenke til artikkel.
Zahiruddin, S., Basist, P., Parveen, A., Parveen, R., Khan, W., & Ahmad, S. (2020). Ashwagandha in brain disorders: A review of recent developments. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 257, 112876. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112876
- 25
Mandlik, D. S., & Namdeo, A. G. (2021). Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 18(2), 183-226. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484
Paul, S., Chakraborty, S., Anand, U., Dey, S., Nandy, S., Ghorai, M., ... & Dey, A. (2021). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 143, 112175. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112175
- 26
Chengappa, K. R., Brar, J. S., Gannon, J. M., & Schlicht, P. J. (2018). Adjunctive use of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to treat symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(5), 22496. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11826
Gopukumar, K., Thanawala, S., Somepalli, V., Rao, T. S., Thamatam, V. B., & Chauhan, S. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognitive Functions in Healthy, Stressed Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. DOI:10.1155/2021/8254344
Mandlik, D. S., & Namdeo, A. G. (2021). Pharmacological evaluation of Ashwagandha highlighting its healthcare claims, safety, and toxicity aspects. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 18(2), 183-226. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1741484
Verma, N., Gupta, S. K., Tiwari, S., & Mishra, A. K. (2021). Safety of ashwagandha root extract: a randomized, placebo-controlled, study in healthy volunteers. Complementary therapies in medicine, 57, 102642. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102642